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ÖZKOÇ

Glossary of press terms

What the terms used in the technical tables mean. The naming is the same as the canonical names we use in our technical quotations.

Pressing ForcePressing Force
The greatest force the press can apply to the workpiece; it is given in tonnes and is the figure called the press’s “tonnage” in everyday language. On a hydraulic press this force can be obtained at every point of the stroke — on a mechanical (eccentric) press it reaches its full value only in a narrow band close to bottom dead centre.
Construction TypeConstruction Type
The load-bearing structure of the press. In the column-type (pillar) design the ram is guided on the cylindrical columns at the corners; in the monoblock design the welded one-piece frame both carries and guides. The column-type structure is convenient for side access and for attaching automation, while the monoblock structure is more rigid at high tonnage.
Net Usable AreaNet Usable Area
The usable surface of the lower bolster to which a die can be clamped (width × length). It is not the same as the outer dimension of the bolster: the clearance between the columns and the point where the clamping slots end define the real limit. The base of the die has to fit within this area.
DaylightDaylight
The greatest vertical gap left between the upper and the lower bolster when the ram is at its top position. The shut height of the die, the height of the part and the ejection allowance all have to fit into this gap together; if the daylight is not enough, the die physically will not go into the machine. After tonnage, it is the dimension most often overlooked when choosing a press.
StrokeStroke
The distance the ram travels from its top position to its bottom position. It is often confused with daylight: daylight describes a GAP, stroke describes a MOVEMENT, and the stroke is always smaller than the daylight. On deep parts the stroke needed is the depth of the part plus the allowance for taking it out of the die.
Cushion / EjectorCushion / Ejector
A second cylinder arrangement placed under the lower bolster that applies force from below upwards. In deep drawing it holds the sheet at the die opening and restrains the flow of the material (blank holder force); on forming and casting presses it pushes the finished part up out of the die. The cushion stroke is the travel of this arrangement.
RamRam
The moving mass pushed by the main cylinder that carries the upper die. All the speed figures of the press (closing, working, return) are ram speeds. Whether the ram comes down parallel to the bolster directly determines die life and part tolerance.
Working SpeedWorking Speed
The speed at which the ram advances under load while forming. It is markedly lower than the closing speed because it gives the material time to flow. In deep drawing this speed directly governs wrinkling and tearing; that is why it needs to be adjustable.
Closing SpeedClosing Speed
The speed at which the ram comes down idle until it touches the workpiece. It does not affect part quality, it only shortens the cycle time; that is why it is kept many times higher than the working speed.
Return SpeedReturn Speed
The speed at which the ram rises to its top position after finishing the work. Together with the closing speed it sets the “dead time” of the cycle — in series production these two figures carry the hourly part count.
Hydraulic Power UnitHydraulic Power Unit
The power source made up of the pump, motor, oil tank, valve block and cooling. The working pressure determines the FORCE of the press and the pump flow rate its SPEED; the two are designed independently of each other.
Light CurtainLight Curtain
Optical protection that stops the ram when a hand enters the danger zone. It is used together with two-hand control: if both of the operator’s hands are on the control, they cannot be in the die area.
Frame Types: C / H / Four-ColumnC-Frame / H-Frame / Four-Column Press
In the market, “C-frame” denotes a body open at the front and both sides that traces a C in side view; “H-frame” a closed welded frame with two uprights; “four-column” a design where the ram is guided on corner columns. In ÖZKOÇ naming the closed welded body is called monoblock and the column-guided design column-type (pin-guided) — whichever name you use, we are talking about the same family of structures.

FAQ · Presses